Suppose you were asked how much to the nearest dollar you spent on food last year. To answer this question, you would need to gather information like receipts, credit card statements, and canceled checks for all your expenditures. You would then analyze that information to determine which outflows relate to food and summarize those outflows into one number - the cost of your food expenditures for the year. Once you've answered that question, answer this one: how much did you spend on clothes last year? Again, you would have to go through the same process of collecting data, analyzing the information to identify those expenditures related to clothing, and then summarizing those expenditures into one number. Without a method for gathering and organizing day-to-day financial data, answers to seemingly routine questions like these can get quite complex. Now you may be thinking, "Doesn't my detailed electronic bank statement allow me to easily answer these questions?" Your bank statement would certainly help, but it is limited in that it tracks only the transactions that go through your bank account, like checks you write or debit card payments. It does not track the cash in your pocket, savings account, or other investment accounts. These payments are also not categorized by purpose, and the totals are not summarized. Now consider the dilemma for businesses. They typically have far more transactions than you, and the kinds of transactions are more varied. Businesses buy and sell goods or services, borrow and invest money, pay wages to employees, purchase land, buildings, equipment, distribute earnings to owners, and pay taxes to the government. These activities are referred to as exchange transactions because the entity is actually trading or exchanging one thing for another. A bookstore, for example, exchanges books for cash. Business documents, such as a sales...